Financing, Credit, Investments -- Economical Categories

Scientific functions in the hypotheses of finances and credit, according in order to the specification of the research object, happen to be characterized to get many-sided and many-leveled.

The meaning of totality of the economical relations formed in the process of formation, distribution and using finances, as funds sources is widely spread. For illustration, in "the common theory of finances" there are two definitions of finances:

1) "... Finances reflect economical relations, development with the funds of money sources, inside the process involving distribution and redistribution of national receipts in line with the distribution in addition to usage". This definition is given relatively to the conditions regarding Capitalism, when cash-commodity relations gain general character;

2) "Finances represent the organization regarding centralized ad decentralized money sources, economical relations relatively together with the distribution plus usage, which assist for fulfillment from the state functions and even obligations and also provision of typically the conditions of the increased further production". This kind of definition is brought without showing the particular environment of their action. We share partly such reason of finances and think expedient in order to make some specs.

Financial cushion First, finances conquer the bounds involving distribution and répartition service with the national income, though that is a standard first step toward finances. Furthermore, formation and consumption of the downgrading fund which is the particular part of economical domain, belongs certainly not to the supply and redistribution associated with the national earnings (of newly produced value during some sort of year), but for the distribution of currently developed value.

This kind of latest first seems to be a new part of value of main industrial funds, later it will be moved to the expense price of a ready product (that would be to the value too) after its realization, in fact it is set the depression fund. The source is obtained into account beforehand as a major depression kind in typically the consistence from the all set products price range.

2nd, main goal regarding finances is significantly wider then "fulfillment in the state features and obligations plus provision of conditions to the widened more production". Finances exist within the state stage and also on the particular manufactures and branches' level too, and even in such situations, when the many portion of the manufactures happen to be not state.

Sixth is v. M. Rodionova provides a different place about this subject: "real formation associated with the financial resources commences on the period of distribution, if the value is recognized and concrete inexpensive forms of the realized value are usually separated from the particular consistence with the profit". V. M. Rodionova makes an accent of finances, as distributing relations, when D. S. Moliakov underlines industrial groundwork of finances.

Though both of them give quite confirm discussion of finances, as a technique of formation, submission and using the funds pounds sources, that arrives of the following meaning of the finances: "financial cash relations, which usually forms in the process of submission and redistribution involving the partial value of the national riches and total sociable product, is related to the subjects of the economy in addition to formation and use of the state cash incomes in addition to savings in the particular widened further generation, in the materials stimulation of the workers for fulfillment from the society cultural as well as other requests".

Within the manuals involving the political economic climate we meet along with the next definitions of finances:

"Finances involving the socialistic state represent economical (cash) relations, by using which, in the approach of planned distribution of the incomes and savings typically the funds of money sources of the express and socialistic makes are formed for guaranteeing the expansion of the production, rising the material plus cultural level associated with the people and then for satisfying other general society requests".

"The system of generation and usage of necessary funds of cash resources intended for guarantying socialistic widened further production stand for exactly the finances regarding the socialistic modern society. And the totality of economical associations arisen between state, manufactures and agencies, branches, regions and separate citizen based on the movement of funds funds make economical relations".
As we now have seen, definitions associated with finances made simply by financiers and political economists tend not to vary greatly.